Telemetry signals or other logic signals often pick up a lot of extra noise during transmission. But they can easily be cleaned up at the receiving end by a discriminator circuit having adjustable hysteresis. The voltage discriminator shown in the figure can clean up signals containing as much as 70% noise without the need to [...]
The following schematic diagram is provided by the National Measurement Laboratory, Australia. Most rudimentary circuits for discriminating between two frequencies or two bands of frequencies sacrifice selectivity to simplicity. But this simple circuit, which uses just a frequency-to-voltage converter and a couple of general-purpose comparators, can differentiate between two frequencies separated by only a few [...]
Nearly all of monolithic amplifiers have good loaded output voltage swings, delivering +-10V at 5 mA with +-15V supplies. It is because they use class-B output stages. To make the output transistor considerably larger, it would be require much more current from the IC. In addition, the rose dissipation would make troublesome thermal gradients on [...]
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